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ATP is Adenosine Triphosphate, the primary energy transfer molecule found in all living things. As discussed, ATP is often used as an indicator of viable cells on a surface. ATP can be detected through light emission by a reaction with the enzyme luciferase – which is found in the firefly. The reaction takes place in two steps:
luciferin + ATP ? luciferyl adenylate + PPi
then
luciferyl adenylate + O2 ? oxyluciferin + AMP + light
The light emission generated by the ATP/luciferase reaction can be measured in Relative Light Units (RLU) by a simple yet sensitive handheld luminometer. The RLU’s measured by the luminometer then can be used as measurement of the “sanitation” of a surface, or active microbial load.
